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TirzepatideEvidence & Dosage

GLP‑1/GIP dual agonist, supplement to semaglutide data and comparative studies.

Studies last updated

Evidence at a glance

Total studies
885
With abstract
49
Meta / Systematic / RCT
166
Highly cited
50
Publication years
1998–2026

Tirzepatide in the context of Peptides

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Top studies on Tirzepatide

Ranked by influential-citation count and publication year.

  1. Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity.

    N Engl J Med2022n=253rct200 influential citations

    BACKGROUND: Obesity is a chronic disease that results in substantial global morbidity and mortality. The efficacy and safety of tirzepatide, a novel glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist,…

  2. LY3298176, a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: From discovery to clinical proof of concept.

    Mol Metab2018n=142rct200 influential citations

    OBJECTIVE: A novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, LY3298176, was developed to determine whether the metabolic action of GIP adds to the established clinical benefits of selective GLP-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes mellitus…

  3. Efficacy and safety of LY3298176, a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, placebo-controlled and active comparator-controlled phase 2 trial.

    Lancet2018n=318RCT200 influential citations

    <h4>Background</h4>LY3298176 is a novel dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist that is being developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. We aimed to examine the…

  4. Comparative effectiveness of GLP-1 receptor agonists on glycaemic control, body weight, and lipid profile for type 2 diabetes: systematic review and network meta-analysis.

    BMJ2024n=76meta200 influential citations

    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on glycaemic control, body weight, and lipid profile in adults with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN: Systematic review and network…

    Finding: All 15 GLP-1 receptor agonists effectively lowered haemoglobin A1c and fasting plasma glucose concentrations versus placebo.

  5. Effect of tirzepatide versus insulin degludec on liver fat content and abdominal adipose tissue in people with type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-3 MRI): a substudy of the randomised, open-label, parallel-group, phase 3 SURPASS-3 trial.

    Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol2022n=296RCT200 influential citations

    <h4>Background</h4>Tirzepatide is a novel dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist under development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this substudy was to…

  6. Tirzepatide cardiovascular event risk assessment: a pre-specified meta-analysis.

    Nat Med2022n=7,215Meta-Analysis200 influential citations

    Tirzepatide is a novel, once weekly, dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist and is under development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Its association with cardiovascular outcomes requires evaluation. This pre-specified…

  7. Benefits and harms of drug treatment for type 2 diabetes: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

    BMJ2023n=471,038Meta-Analysis200 influential citations

    Objective To compare the benefits and harms of drug treatments for adults with type 2 diabetes, adding non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (including finerenone) and tirzepatide (a dual glucose dependent insulinotropic…

    Finding: Tirzepatide probably resulted in the largest reduction in body weight.

  8. Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and co-agonists on body composition: Systematic review and network meta-analysis.

    Metabolism2025n=225meta200 influential citations

    BACKGROUND AND AIMS: While glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) effectively reduce body weight, their impact on lean mass remains uncertain. This meta-analysis evaluated the effects of GLP-1RAs and GLP-1/GIP receptor dual…

    Finding: Relative lean mass, defined as percentage change from baseline, was unaffected by treatment.

  9. Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Loss Among Adults Without Diabetes : A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

    Ann Intern Med2025n=15,491systematic200 influential citations

    BACKGROUND: Recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and dual or triple co-agonists for weight loss among adults with overweight or obesity and without diabetes.…

  10. Comparison of pharmacological therapies in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis for fibrosis regression and MASH resolution: Systematic review and network meta-analysis.

    Hepatology2025n=932Meta-Analysis200 influential citations

    <h4>Background and aims</h4>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a leading cause of liver disease. With the advent of multiple therapeutic targets in late-phase clinical drug development for MASH, there is a knowledge…

    Finding: Pegozafermin, cilofexor + firsocostat, denifanstat, survodutide, obeticholic acid, tirzepatide, resmetirom, and semaglutide were significantly better than placebo for fibrosis improvement without worsening MASH.

Frequently asked

What dosage was studied?
• Once-weekly subcutaneous tirzepatide (5 mg, 10 mg, or 15 mg once weekly) • LY3298176, a dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist (SAD 0.25–8 mg; MAD 0.5–10 mg; POC 0.5–15 mg; dulaglutide 1.5 mg/wk as active control in healthy subjects) • LY3298176 once-weekly subcutaneous dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist (1 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, or 15 mg)
Are there safety considerations for Tirzepatide?
• Gastrointestinal adverse events were the most common. • Most adverse events were mild to moderate and occurred mainly during dose escalation. • Treatment discontinuation due to adverse events increased with tirzepatide dose: 4.3%, 7.1%, and 6.2%. • Placebo discontinuation due to adverse events was 2.6%.

Related articles

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Tirzepatide: Effects & evidence status — what’s proven and what’s missing

Tirzepatide in an evidence check: Which effects are well supported by RCTs, which remain unclear, and what should people consider for safety?

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Semaglutide and Tirzepatide: What the Long-Term Data Show on Weight Loss

How well do Semaglutide and Tirzepatide work long term, what happens after stopping, and how large is the risk of muscle loss? Overview with evidence, limits, and practical takeaways.

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