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SemaglutideEvidence & Dosage

GLP‑1 agonist, weight loss, diabetes outcomes, and long‑term safety.

Studies last updated

Evidence at a glance

Total studies
1,000
With abstract
49
Meta / Systematic / RCT
171
Highly cited
50
Publication years
2004–2026

Semaglutide in the context of Peptides

This topic is part of our "Peptides" world. There you'll find methodology, evidence and the highest-impact levers — plus the order in which they sensibly build on each other.

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Top studies on Semaglutide

Ranked by influential-citation count and publication year.

  1. Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and co-agonists on body composition: Systematic review and network meta-analysis.

    Metabolism2025n=225meta200 influential citations

    BACKGROUND AND AIMS: While glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) effectively reduce body weight, their impact on lean mass remains uncertain. This meta-analysis evaluated the effects of GLP-1RAs and GLP-1/GIP receptor dual…

    Finding: Relative lean mass, defined as percentage change from baseline, was unaffected by treatment.

  2. Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Loss Among Adults Without Diabetes : A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

    Ann Intern Med2025n=15,491systematic200 influential citations

    BACKGROUND: Recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and dual or triple co-agonists for weight loss among adults with overweight or obesity and without diabetes.…

  3. Cardiovascular and Kidney Outcomes and Mortality With Long-Acting Injectable and Oral Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials.

    Diabetes Care2025n=71,351Meta-Analysis200 influential citations

    <h4>Background</h4>Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) reduce the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in type 2 diabetes (T2D), although whether benefits extend to both subcutaneous and oral formulations…

  4. Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Obes Rev2025n=237Meta-Analysis200 influential citations

    Research on Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) has mainly focused on the efficacy of weight loss and not the long-term efficacy of weight loss maintenance. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the…

    Finding: In this systematic review and meta-analysis of 8 randomized controlled trials, discontinuing GLP-1RA therapy was associated with weight regain.

  5. Emerging pharmacotherapies for obesity: A systematic review.

    Pharmacol Rev2025n=53Systematic Review186 influential citations

    The history of antiobesity pharmacotherapies is marked by disappointments, often entangled with societal pressure promoting weight loss and the prevailing conviction that excess body weight signifies a lack of willpower. However,…

  6. Effects of GLP-1 Analogues and Agonists on the Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review.

    Nutrients2025n=38Systematic Review162 influential citations

    <h4>Background</h4>GLP-1 analogues are a relatively new class of medications that form the cornerstone of diabetes treatment. They possess invaluable glucose-lowering properties without hypoglycemic effects as well as strong…

  7. Subcutaneously administered tirzepatide vs semaglutide for adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

    Diabetologia2024n=23,622meta141 influential citations

    AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of s.c. administered tirzepatide vs s.c. administered semaglutide for adults of both sexes with type 2 diabetes mellitus.…

  8. Sex Differences in the Efficacy of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Reduction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

    J Diabetes2025n=14Meta-Analysis140 influential citations

    <h4>Aim</h4>To verify sex differences of GLP-1RAs for weight reduction.<h4>Methods</h4>We searched RCTs reporting weight change by sex from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials registries. Meta-regression…

  9. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of pharmacological treatments for obesity in adults.

    Nat Med2025n=60,307Meta-Analysis133 influential citations

    This systematic review and network meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of obesity management medications (OMMs) in terms of reducing body weight and impact on obesity-related complications. Here a Medline and Embase search was…

    Finding: Tirzepatide and semaglutide restored normoglycemia and induced remission of type 2 diabetes.

  10. A systematic review of the effect of semaglutide on lean mass: insights from clinical trials.

    Expert Opin Pharmacother2024n=1,541Systematic Review122 influential citations

    <h4>Introduction</h4>Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, is associated with significant weight loss, yet its impact on lean body mass remains insufficiently understood. This review investigates the effect of…

Frequently asked

What does the evidence say about Semaglutide?
Relative lean mass, defined as percentage change from baseline, was unaffected by treatment.
What dosage was studied?
• GLP-1 receptor agonists and GLP-1/GIP receptor dual agonists (Varied across included trials; examples noted: liraglutide 3.0 mg weekly or 1.8 mg daily, semaglutide 2.4 mg weekly, tirzepatide 15 mg weekly) • GLP-1 receptor agonists and dual or triple co-agonists for weight loss (Commercial agents included liraglutide 3.0 mg once daily, semaglutide 2.4 mg once weekly, tirzepatide 15 mg once weekly; retatrutide 12 mg once weekly; other agents varied) • Long-acting glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (including subcutaneous and oral formulations) (Not reported)
Which population does the evidence apply to?
Most studies investigated: unknown.
Are there safety considerations for Semaglutide?
• Not reported in abstract • Adverse events were frequent (GLP-1 RA vs. placebo: 80% to 97% vs. 63% to 100%). • Most adverse events were gastrointestinal-related (47% to 84% vs. 13% to 63%). • Common GI events included nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation.

Related articles

Knowledge

What are the latest biohacking trends I should check out?

Seven 2026 trends: GLP-1 agonists (semaglutide, tirzepatide) for non-diabetics (real effect, serious side effects), CGM for healthy adults (often overhyped), longevity clinics (expensive, mixed evidence), AI-powered personalization (promising), Bryan Johnson-style tracking (n=1 experiments), peptide stacks (hype over evidence), continuous cortisol tracking (hardware not ready). Not every trend is a recommendation.

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Semaglutide: Effects and Evidence—What’s Proven and What Isn’t

An evidence-based overview of semaglutide: what studies show (weight, cardiovascular outcomes, safety), which questions are still open, and what you should consider in everyday life.

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Semaglutide and Tirzepatide: What the Long-Term Data Show on Weight Loss

How well do Semaglutide and Tirzepatide work long term, what happens after stopping, and how large is the risk of muscle loss? Overview with evidence, limits, and practical takeaways.

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