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Z-DrugsEvidence & Dosage

Zolpidem, zopiclone — short-acting, dependence risk, not for long-term use.

Evidence at a glance

Total studies
89
With abstract
32
Meta / Systematic / RCT
0
Highly cited
4
Publication years
1990–2026

Z-Drugs in the context of Sleep

This topic is part of our "Sleep" world. There you'll find methodology, evidence and the highest-impact levers — plus the order in which they sensibly build on each other.

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Top studies on Z-Drugs

Ranked by influential-citation count and publication year.

  1. Estimated Research and Development Investment Needed to Bring a New Medicine to Market, 2009-2018.

    JAMA2020n=63200 influential citations

    Importance The mean cost of developing a new drug has been the subject of debate, with recent estimates ranging from $314 million to $2.8 billion. Objective To estimate the research and development investment required to bring a new…

  2. Safety of synthetic and biological DMARDs: a systematic literature review informing the 2022 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.

    Annals of the rheumatic diseases2023145 influential citations

    <h4>Objectives</h4>To perform a systematic literature review (SLR) concerning the safety of synthetic(s) and biological (b) disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) to inform the 2022 update of the EULAR recommendations for the…

  3. Cyclooxygenase-2 selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (etodolac, meloxicam, celecoxib, rofecoxib, etoricoxib, valdecoxib and lumiracoxib) for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and economic evaluation.

    Health technology assessment (Winchester, England)200864 influential citations

    <h4>Objectives</h4>To review the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (etodolac, meloxicam, celecoxib, rofecoxib, etoricoxib, valdecoxib and…

  4. The comparative efficacy and toxicity of second-line drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. Results of two metaanalyses.

    Arthritis and rheumatism1990n=1709 influential citations

    We performed 2 metaanalyses of placebo-controlled and comparative clinical trials to examine the relative efficacy and toxicity of methotrexate (MTX), injectable gold, D-penicillamine (DP), sulfasalazine (SSZ), auranofin (AUR), and…

  5. Lessons From Clinical Trials of Immunomodulatory Drugs in Psychiatric Disorders

    Biological Psychiatry20261 influential citations

    Immune dysregulation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, with peripheral inflammatory markers correlating with symptom severity, treatment refractoriness, and neural circuit dysfunction. This has led to…

  6. Host-directed therapy for tuberculosis: Repurposed drugs toward global tuberculosis elimination

    International Journal of Infectious Diseases20261 influential citations

    Despite the World Health Organization End TB Strategy, tuberculosis (TB) remains the world's leading infectious cause of death. Conventional antimicrobial therapies are hindered by prolonged treatment durations, poor patient adherence, and…

  7. Evaluation of drugs and risk factors requiring therapeutic drug monitoring in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: a retrospective study

    BMC Pediatrics2026

    Background Neonates in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) often receive medications requiring therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) due to their immature organ function and the narrow therapeutic windows of these drugs. Despite its…

  8. A universal immunocapture LC−MS/MS method for humanized IgG1−based drugs in cynomolgus monkeys

    Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis2026

    The application of immunocapture LC-MS/MS in drug testing has expanded considerably over the past decade, offering significant advantages in analysis, development, and identification. In this study, we developed and validated a universal…

  9. Simultaneous analysis of various anticancer drugs by supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Part II: Method validation and comparison with liquid chromatography

    Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis2026

    A complete SFC-MS/MS method validation enabling the simultaneous trace-level analysis of 27 conventional anticancer drugs (CADs) was performed. The selected drugs were the following: 5-fluorouracil, azacitidine, busulfan, carboplatin,…

  10. Retail Sales of Drugs for Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, and Hypertension in Chile Under 2 Health Policies

    Value in Health Regional Issues2026

    <h4>Objectives</h4>The retail market represents 60% of the pharmaceutical market in Chile. Medicines for diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension are among the most commonly used by the Chilean population, and these conditions have been…

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