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Citrulline MalateEvidence & Dosage

NO precursor, pump and endurance studies.

Studies last updated

Evidence at a glance

Total studies
367
With abstract
46
Meta / Systematic / RCT
45
Highly cited
50
Publication years
1975–2026

Citrulline Malate in the context of Performance

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Top studies on Citrulline Malate

Ranked by influential-citation count and publication year.

  1. Role of anion translocation across the mitochondrial membrane in the regulation of urea synthesis from ammonia by isolated rat hepatocytes.

    J Biol Chem1975Study55 influential citations

    The regulation of urea synthesis from ammonia was investigated using isolated hepatocytes from fasted rats. Addition of ammonia alone produced only a small increase of urea formation, which was stimulated 2-fold by ornithine in conjunction…

  2. Effects of Citrulline Supplementation on Exercise Performance in Humans: A Review of the Current Literature.

    J Strength Cond Res2020systematic55 influential citations

    Gonzalez, AM and Trexler, ET. Effects of citrulline supplementation on exercise performance in humans: A review of the current literature. J Strength Cond Res 34(5): 1480-1495, 2020-L-citrulline, a nonessential amino acid found primarily…

  3. Caffeinated chewing gum enhances maximal strength and muscular endurance during bench press and back squat exercises in resistance-trained men.

    Frontiers in nutrition202546 influential citations

    <h4>Introduction</h4>Caffeinated chewing gum, known for its rapid absorption, has not been previously studied for its effects on maximal strength and muscular endurance in resistance exercise. The aim of this study was to determine the…

  4. Argininosuccinate synthetase mRNA and activity are induced by immunostimulants in vascular smooth muscle. Role in the regeneration or arginine for nitric oxide synthesis.

    J Biol Chem1994Study40 influential citations

    Nitric oxide synthase produces NO, citrulline, water, and NADP at the expense of arginine, NADPH, and dioxygen. While citrulline has been considered to be an inert by-product of the high output inducible isoform of NO synthase (iNOS), we…

  5. Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness.

    J Strength Cond Res2010n=41RCT37 influential citations

    The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of a single dose of citrulline malate (CM) on the performance of flat barbell bench presses as an anaerobic exercise and in terms of decreasing muscle soreness after exercise.…

  6. Acute citrulline malate supplementation improves upper- and lower-body submaximal weightlifting exercise performance in resistance-trained females.

    Eur J Nutr2017n=15RCT35 influential citations

    <h4>Purpose</h4>Citrulline malate (CM) is a nonessential amino acid that increases exercise performance in males. However, based on physiological differences between genders, these results cannot be extrapolated to females. Therefore, the…

  7. Citrulline/malate promotes aerobic energy production in human exercising muscle.

    Br J Sports Med2002Study34 influential citations

    <h4>Background</h4>Previous studies have shown an antiasthenic effect of citrulline/malate (CM) but the mechanism of action at the muscular level remains unknown.<h4>Objective</h4>To investigate the effects of CM supplementation on muscle…

  8. Malate and Aspartate Increase L-Arginine and Nitric Oxide and Attenuate Hypertension.

    Cell Rep2017Study33 influential citations

    Fumarase catalyzes the interconversion of fumarate and L-malate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rat, a model of salt-sensitive hypertension, exhibits fumarase insufficiencies. To investigate the mechanism…

  9. Effect of citrulline on post-exercise rating of perceived exertion, muscle soreness, and blood lactate levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

    J Sport Health Sci2020n=206Meta-Analysis33 influential citations

    <h4>Background</h4>Citrulline is one of the non-essential amino acids that is thought to improve exercise performance and reduce post-exercise muscle soreness. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effect of…

  10. Effects of supplemental citrulline malate ingestion during repeated bouts of lower-body exercise in advanced weightlifters.

    J Strength Cond Res2015n=12RCT29 influential citations

    The purpose of this investigation was to test the efficacy of citrulline malate supplementation on exercise performance, blood lactate, heart rate, and blood pressure during lower-body dynamic resistance exercise. We hypothesized that…

Frequently asked

What dosage was studied?
• Supplementation with nitric oxide precursors (L-arginine, L-citrulline/CitMal, dietary nitrates, and combinations) (Varied across included studies; L-arginine 3-12 g/day, L-citrulline ≥3 g/day or 8 g CitMal, nitrates ≥400 mg/day) • Oral L-citrulline and citrulline malate supplementation (Not reported)
Are there safety considerations for Citrulline Malate?
• Higher doses of L-arginine may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, and diarrhea. • L-citrulline was reported to be well-tolerated even at high doses with minimal side-effects. • BRJ may induce beeturia. • Not reported in abstract.

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