Spaced RepetitionEvidence & Dosage
Anki, the Leitner system — the most evidence-backed learning technique.
Evidence at a glance
- Total studies
- 54
- With abstract
- 46
- Meta / Systematic / RCT
- 0
- Highly cited
- 13
- Publication years
- 2007–2026
Spaced Repetition in the context of Cognition
This topic is part of our "Cognition" world. There you'll find methodology, evidence and the highest-impact levers — plus the order in which they sensibly build on each other.
Go to CognitionTop studies on Spaced Repetition
Ranked by influential-citation count and publication year.
Retrieval practice produces more learning than elaborative studying with concept mapping.
Science (New York, N.Y.)2011125 influential citationsEducators rely heavily on learning activities that encourage elaborative studying, whereas activities that require students to practice retrieving and reconstructing knowledge are used less frequently. Here, we show that practicing…
A Cohort Study Assessing the Impact of Anki as a Spaced Repetition Tool on Academic Performance in Medical School.
Medical science educator2023n=13070 influential citationsIntroduction Anki is an application that capitalizes upon the techniques of spaced repetition and is increasingly utilized by medical students for examination preparation. This study examines the impact of Anki usage in a medical school…
A spaced-repetition approach to enhance medical student learning and engagement in medical pharmacology.
BMC medical education202265 influential citationsBackground Pharmacology is a cornerstone of medical education as it underlies safe prescribing practices. However, medical students have reported unease regarding their perceived proficiency in medical pharmacology. Despite the significant…
Student-directed retrieval practice is a predictor of medical licensing examination performance.
Perspectives on medical education2015n=7261 influential citationsIntroduction A large body of evidence indicates that retrieval practice (test-enhanced learning) and spaced repetition increase long-term information retention. Implementation of these strategies in medical curricula is unfortunately…
The critical importance of retrieval for learning.
Science (New York, N.Y.)200857 influential citationsLearning is often considered complete when a student can produce the correct answer to a question. In our research, students in one condition learned foreign language vocabulary words in the standard paradigm of repeated study-test trials.…
Enhanced Learning and Retention of Medical Knowledge Using the Mobile Flash card Application Anki.
Medical science educator202155 influential citations<h4>Introduction</h4>As medical schools condense the basic science phase of undergraduate medical education, it has become increasingly important to identify methods and tools that facilitate learning, mastery, and application of medical…
Academic and Wellness Outcomes Associated with use of Anki Spaced Repetition Software in Medical School.
Journal of medical education and curricular development2023n=12252 influential citationsOBJECTIVES Medical students are increasingly using a spaced repetition software called Anki to study. There are limited studies evaluating the relationship between Anki and learner outcomes. In this study, we describe the history of Anki…
Does simulation-based medical education with deliberate practice yield better results than traditional clinical education? A meta-analytic comparative review of the evidence.
Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges201144 influential citations<h4>Purpose</h4>This article presents a comparison of the effectiveness of traditional clinical education toward skill acquisition goals versus simulation-based medical education (SBME) with deliberate practice (DP).<h4>Method</h4>This is…
Clinical skills education: outcomes of relationships between junior medical students, senior peers and simulated patients.
Medical education2008n=12537 influential citations<h4>Objectives</h4>Peer-assisted learning (PAL) has been reported to have educational benefits in cross-year, small-group teaching in other contexts. Accordingly, we explored whether senior medical students are effective tutors for their…
A review of medical school programs that train medical students as teachers (MED-SATS).
Teaching and learning in medicine200835 influential citations<h4>Background</h4>Medical students represent medicine's future teachers. The objective of this literature review was to identify programs teaching medical students how to teach (MED-SATS).<h4>Summary</h4>Electronic searches were conducted…
More topics in Cognition
Bacopa Monnieri
Memory, Bacosides, Long-term Effect and Tolerance
Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR)
Mitochondria, neuroprotection, and energy metabolism.
Acetylcholine
Memory, attention, REM sleep, choline sources.
Active Recall
Retrieval over rereading — a scientifically superior way to learn.
Alpha-GPC
Choline source for acetylcholine and cognitive performance
Binaural Beats
Auditory frequency stimulation — mixed evidence.
Blood-Brain Barrier
Selective permeability, substance passage, inflammation-driven leakiness.
Brain Fog
Multifactorial: sleep, blood sugar, inflammation, thyroid, long COVID.
Caffeine
Adenosine-receptor antagonist, tolerance, timing, half-life, genetics.
Citicoline (CDP-Choline)
Phospholipid synthesis, ADHD, and neurological applications.
Creatine
More than just sport: memory, sleep deprivation, vegan deficits.
Deep Work
Focused, distraction-free work as a trainable skill.
Dopamine
Motivation, reward, movement, learning — the brain's core reward chemistry.
Dopamine Detox
A popular trend without strong scientific backing — what still holds up.
Exercise & Learning
BDNF, the hippocampus, cognitive reserve — exercise makes you sharper.
Flow State
Optimal state of consciousness during full immersion — conditions and triggers.
Ginkgo Biloba
Microcirculation, memory, and dementia interactions.
Glucose vs Ketones
The brain's fuel sources, ketogenic adaptation, cognitive effects.
Histamine
Wakefulness, allergy, histamine intolerance and brain fog.
L-Theanine
Alpha waves, relaxation without sedation, caffeine synergy.
Related topics from other worlds
Sarcopenia
Age-related muscle loss — strength training + protein are the best prevention.
Time-Restricted Eating
8/16 or similar — autophagic and metabolic effects.
Anxiety
Acute anxiety vs. an anxiety disorder, the neurobiology, interventions.
Cold Exposure (Mood)
Norepinephrine, depression, and mood effects of cold.
Glucose & Mood
Glucose swings, reactive hypoglycemia, mood stability.
Mindfulness
MBSR, MBCT — structured programs with clinical evidence.