Back to Vitamins & Minerals
Vitamins & Minerals

Observational StudiesEvidence & Dosage

Cohort, case-control, cross-sectional — correlation, not proof of causation.

Evidence at a glance

Total studies
316
With abstract
46
Meta / Systematic / RCT
1
Highly cited
0
Publication years
2014–2026

Observational Studies in the context of Vitamins & Minerals

This topic is part of our "Vitamins & Minerals" world. There you'll find methodology, evidence and the highest-impact levers — plus the order in which they sensibly build on each other.

Go to Vitamins & Minerals

Top studies on Observational Studies

Ranked by influential-citation count and publication year.

  1. Cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in older adults: a combined protocol for an individual participant data analysis for risk prediction and a network meta-analysis of novel anti-diabetic drugs

    medRxiv20234 influential citations

    Introduction Older and multimorbid adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Estimating risk and preventing CVD is a challenge in this population notably because it…

  2. The role of antimicrobial prophylaxis in the management of snakebite: a systematic review

    Wellcome Open Res2026n=6961 influential citations

    Background Snakebite, a neglected tropical disease disproportionately affecting lower-income countries, is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Local toxicity and necrosis may result in secondary bacterial infection of…

  3. Probiotics for preventing or treating COVID-19; a systematic review of research evidence and meta-analyses of efficacy for preventing death, severe disease, or disease progression

    Wellcome Open Res20221 influential citations

    Background: COVID-19 variants threaten health globally. Despite improving vaccines and treatments, there is an urgent need for alternative strategies to prevent or reduce the severity of COVID-19. Potential strategies include probiotics,…

  4. Semaglutide-associated risk of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

    PLoS medicine2026E

    Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, is widely used for the management of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Recent case reports have raised concerns about a potential association between semaglutide use and the development of…

  5. Tirzepatide as Adjunct to Insulin in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes and Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review of Randomized and Real-World Evidence.

    Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism2026n=250A

    Overweight and obesity are increasingly common in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D), contributing to insulin resistance, higher insulin requirements, and greater cardiometabolic burden. Tirzepatide, a dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic…

  6. Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Warfarin in Atrial Fibrillation With Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

    Cureus2026n=184,136D

    Patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) and advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), including those with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) on dialysis, present a unique therapeutic challenge. This population is at an elevated risk…

  7. A new framework for acupoint specificity: Advancing acupuncture studies using the double-dissociation model

    Integrative Medicine Research2026

    Acupoint specificity is a central concept in traditional acupuncture theory but remains controversial in modern scientific studies. Methodological inconsistencies and a predominant reliance on single-dissociation approaches have…

  8. Colorimetric Chemosensors for selective detection of arsenite and arsenate: DFT studies and application in water samples

    Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy2026

    The study focuses on developing colorimetric chemosensors that selectively detects arsenite (AsO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>) and arsenate (AsO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>) anions. Three furan-based colorimetric chemosensors, NCV1, NCV2 and NCV3…

  9. Clinic-based cross-sectional observational study of factors associated with canine parvovirus breakthrough infection among gastroenteritis cases in Nigeria

    Preventive Veterinary Medicine2026n=17

    Canine parvovirus (CPV) enteritis is a widespread infectious disease affecting dogs globally. While vaccination is an acceptable preventive measure, repeated cases of vaccination and immunization failures abound globally, posing a…

  10. In Silico discovery of GES-5 inhibitors via molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation studies, and ADMET prediction

    Computational Biology and Chemistry2026

    The emergence of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae represents a major threat to global public health. Among the key resistance mechanisms, the production of β-lactamases enzymes that hydrolyze the β-lactam ring plays a central role in…

Frequently asked

Which population does the evidence apply to?
Most studies investigated: unknown.
Are there safety considerations for Observational Studies?
• Gastrointestinal adverse events were the most common adverse events. • No DKA was reported in the 12-week randomized trial. • No severe hypoglycaemia was reported in the randomized trial. • No serious adverse events were reported in the randomized trial.

Related articles

More topics in Vitamins & Minerals

Magnesium

Magnesium types, sleep, cramps, stress, and dosage.

Creatine Monohydrate

Power, muscle building, cognition, and safety of creatine.

Ashwagandha

Stress, sleep, cortisol, and possible side effects.

Melatonin Optimization

Melatonin needs, dosing (0.3-5 mg), extended-release forms, circadian rhythm, and long-term safety considerations.

Caffeine + L-Theanine

Caffeine, L-Theanine, focus, alertness and tolerance.

NAD+ Precursors

NMN, NR, NAD+, aging biology and evidence landscape.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

EPA, DHA, ALA: daily needs, sources (fish, algae), Omega-3 index as biomarker, and cardiovascular RCT data.

Vitamin Optimization

Vitamin optimization strategies: needs assessment, bioavailability, synergies, and safety upper limits for the most relevant micronutrients.

Melatonin Signaling

Melatonin as a multi-system hormone: antioxidant, immunomodulatory, mitochondrial, and neuroprotective effects beyond sleep.

Animal vs Human Studies

Mouse ≠ human — translatability from resveratrol to rapamycin is shaky.

Bias

Sponsorship, selection bias, confirmation bias, industry funding.

Cardiovascular System

Blood pressure, heart rate, endothelium, cholesterol, cardiovascular risk factors.

Contraindications

When something must NOT be taken: pregnancy, pre-existing conditions.

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 / Ubiquinol)

Mitochondria, statins, energy, and cardiovascular outcomes.

Correlation vs Causation

The classic misinterpretation of popular health studies.

Curcumin

Inflammation, bioavailability (piperine), turmeric extracts, and clinical outcomes.

Digestive System

Stomach acid, enzymes, absorption, the gut-brain axis, the microbiome.

Effect Size

p-value vs. practical relevance, Cohen's d, confidence intervals.

Ferritin & Iron

Ferritin, transferrin saturation, iron deficiency vs. iron overload.

Glutathione

Master antioxidant, liposomal vs. NAC forms and detoxification.

Related topics from other worlds